热点大瓜

About half of the stroke survivors are left with some degree of disability. Innovative methodologies for restorative neurorehabilitation are urgently required to reduce long-term disability. The cause of stroke is characterized by the obstruction of blood flow to the brain thereby hindering the supply of oxygen and nutrients. About half of the stroke survivors are left with some degree of disability. One significant feature of the nervous system is the neuroplasticity which is involved in post-stroke functional disturbances, but also in rehabilitation. Beneficial neuroplastic changes may be facilitated with metabolic changes which is reflected in the hemodynamic response due to the neurovascular coupling. Thus, imaging the brain serves as a promising translatable tool to enhance the understanding of the brain functionalities during rehabilitation. We are developing a computational tool for low cost neuroimaging during a virtual reality (VR)-based exergaming platform to capture the neurovascular coupling during stroke rehabilitation.

About half of the stroke survivors are left with some degree of disability. Innovative methodologies for restorative neurorehabilitation are urgently required to reduce long-term disability. Neuroplasticity is involved in post-stroke functional disturbances, but also in rehabilitation. Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) produces polarity specific effects by polarizing the Purkinje cells thereby affecting the activity in the deep cerebellar output nuclei. These effects on distant plasticity in human cortical areas (i.e., the motor cortex) are explainable by the cerebellar role in modulating sensory processing. Determination of the induced electric field during ctDCS is crucially important for a better understanding of the effects. Modeling studies have shown that the ctDCS electric field distribution reaches the human cerebellum where the posterior and the inferior parts of the cerebellum are particularly susceptible [1]. However, an objective lobular atlas-based analysis of subject-specific electric field distribution during ctDCS was not found in the published literature. CLOS pipeline can be leveraged to optimize electromagnetic stimulation to target cerebellar lobules related to different cognitive and motor functions.

Oxygen therapy is an essential part of emergency neonatal care that can provide great benefit to neonates suffering from hypoxia (1).  However, the use of oxygen therapy in neonates comes with risks. In the post-World War II era retinopathy of prematurity in premature infants was a leading cause of blindness in Europe and North America, with unmonitored oxygen therapy as the major risk factor (2). Some have argued that we are now in another epidemic of retinopathy of prematurity, occurring due to the rampant unmonitored oxygen therapy on premature infants in low and low-middle income countries (3).  In this pragmatic review, we aim to evaluate the peer-reviewed literature of low and low-middle income countries to summarize the state of neonatal oxygen therapy, identify areas of needed quality improvement, and identify where further research is needed.

About 10% of infants require some assistance to establish regular respirations at birth [1] sometimes leading to an inadequate intake of oxygen by the infant called perinatal asphyxia. Here, hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) due to acute perinatal asphyxia remains an important cause of neurodevelopmental deficits in childhood [2]. The first effective treatment for moderate to severe HIE is therapeutic hypothermia (TH) that has reduced death and disability [3,4]. However, a significant subset of mild HIE who are currently not recognized or offered any therapies develop cognitive impairment [5]. Here, a “Neurovascular Unit” approach [6] in newborns with HIE has been proposed to identify infants at risk for abnormal outcomes [7]. We are developing computational tools for a low-cost portable brain scanner to capture the neurovascular coupling (NVC) within the “Neurovascular Unit” [8].

The World Health Organization has identified indoor air pollution as a major health concern in developing countries. We conducted a systematic review to characterize the relationship between indoor air pollution and maternal and newborn health outcomes to the extent they have been explored in the existing literature.

Global Surgery:

Childhood Diarrhea Facts